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References

Standards & Specifications

USDA-NRCS. (2011). Code 580: Streambank and Shoreline Protection - VA: NRCS.

USDA-NRCS. (2011). Code 390: Riparian Herbaceous Cover - VA: NRCS.

USDA-NRCS. (2020). Code 395: Stream Habitat Improvement and Management -VA: NRCS.

USDA-NRCS. (2011). Code 795: Geotextiles - VA: NRCS.

Solutions

Retaining Walls

University of Florida. (2017). Seawalls, Revetments & Bulkheads.

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U.S. Army Corps of Eng. (1995). Design of Coastal Revetments, Seawalls, and Bulkheads.

Geosynthetics

Kim, Y.J., Kotwal, A.R., Cho, B.Y., Wilde, J., You, B.H. (2019). Geosynthetic Reinforced Steep Slopes: Current Technology in the United States.

Revetments

Hardaway Jr,. C. S., & Byrne, R. J. (1999) Shoreline Management in Chesapeake Bay. Gloucester Point, VA: Sea Grant Communications

Breakwaters

Chasten, M. A., Rosati, J. D., McCormick, J. W. (1993). Engineering Design Guidance for Detached Breakwaters as Shoreline Stabilization Structures. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 

Sills

Hardaway Jr,. C. S., & Byrne, R. J. (1999) Shoreline Management in Chesapeake Bay. Gloucester Point, VA: Sea Grant Communications

Edging

Allen, H.H. & Fischenich, C. (2001) Brush Mattresses for Streambank Erosion Control. Vicksburg, MS: USAE Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory

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Frothingham, K.M. (2007) Evaluation of stability threshold analysis as a cursory method of screening potential streambank stabilization techniques.

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NOAA Fisheries. (2020). Understanding Living Shorelines.

Soil Bioengineering

USDA. (2007) Streambank Soil Bioengineering.

Shoreline Planting

Gittman, R.K., Peterson, C.H., Currin, C.A., Fodrie, F.J., Piehler, M.F., Bruno, J.F. (2016) Living shorelines can enhance the nursery role of threatened estuarine habitats.​

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Florida Living Shorelines. (2020). Types of Living Shorelines.

Joint Planting

City of Franklin (2014). Permanent Erosion Prevention and Sediment Controls. 

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